Shutter speed and Aperture

Slow shutter speed combined with panning the camera can achieve a motion blur for moving objects. In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph. The amount of light that reaches the film or image sensor is proportional to the exposure time.

Here is an example of shutter speed, as you can see by the photo the bigger the number the more it catches the movement in one photograph.

Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture of an optical systemis the opening that controls the cone angle of a package of rays that come to a focus in the image.

Diagram of decreasing aperture sizes (increasing f-numbers) for "full stop" increments (factor of two aperture area per stop). In optics, the f-number (sometimes called focal ratio, f-ratio, f-stop, or relative aperture) of an optical system is the ratio of the lens's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, and an important concept in photography.


Aperture examples:

Contact Sheet Number 2

Planning My Idea For Final Piece

After thinking about what to do for my final piece, I decided to take photos of whatever I felt looked good in architecture. When coming back from a photo shoot of Liverpool Street I sat and looked at my photographs. The photographs I have taken seemed to be very modern, clean and sharp looking buildings. I then wondered about older looking buildings and the contrast. I then went back out and took some photographs of buildings that didn’t look to up to scratch. In my final piece I am going to make an A6 collage of the comparison of the buildings, on one of the side will be the horrible looking buildings in east London such as the MacDonald’s at watney and the buildings along commercial road, such as council houses and old restaurants and pubs no one uses anymore.

Contact Sheet

Health and Safety

What are the objectives of the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974)?

• Securing the health, safety and welfare of persons at work
• Controlling the keeping and use of explosive or highly flammable or otherwise dangerous substances, and usually preventing the unlawful acquisition, ownership and use of such substances.
• Protecting persons, other than persons at work, against risks to health or safety arising out of or in joining with the activities of persons at work

What are the duties of employers towards substances used at work?

The duties employers use towards substances used at work are;

• Perform such testing and examination as may be necessary to ensure safety
• Take such steps as are necessary to secure that persons supplied with the substance are provided with adequate information about the any risks to health or safety to which the inherent properties of the substance may give rise, about the results of any relevant tests which have been carried out on or in connection with the substance and about any conditions necessary to ensure that the substance will be safe and without risks to health at all such times as are mentioned in paragraph (a) above and when the substance disposed of; and
• Ensure that the substance will be safe and without dangers to health at all times when it is being processed, handled, used, stored or transported by a person at work or in work grounds
• Take such steps as are necessary to secure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that persons are provided with all such revisions of information as are necessary by reason of its becoming known that anything gives rise to a serious risk to health or safety.

What are the objectives of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations?

·         You can prevent or reduce workers exposure to hazardous substances by:

·         deciding how to prevent harm to health (risk assessment^[1])

·         Planning for emergencies.

·         keeping all control measures in good working order

·         making sure they are used

·         providing monitoring and health surveillance in appropriate cases

·         Planning for emergencies.

·         providing information, instruction and training for employees and others

·         providing control measures to reduce harm to health

What industries does the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations cover?

• ·         Printing
• ·         Paper
• ·         Textiles
• ·         Rubber
• ·         Retail
• ·         Catering
• ·         Welding
• ·         Engineering
• ·         Hairdressing

What is a substance hazardous to health as defined by the COSHH?

COSHH covers substances that are hazardous to health, these include;

Products containing chemicals, fumes, dusts, vapours, mists, Nanotechnology, Gases and asphyxiating gases and Biological agents (germs). Germs that cause diseases^[1] such as leptospirosis or legionnaires disease and germs used in laboratories.

Dusty or fume-laden air can cause lung diseases, e.g. in welders, quarry workers or woodworkers. Metalworking fluids can grow bacteria and fungi which cause dermatitis and asthma. Flowers, bulbs, fruit and vegetables can cause dermatitis. Wet working, e.g. catering and cleaning, can cause dermatitis. Prolonged contact with wet cement in construction can lead to chemical burns and/or dermatitis. Benzene in crude oil can cause leukaemia.

What advice does COSHH give to protect yourself when working with hazardous materials?

What are the aims of the Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992?

·         Analyse workstations to assess and reduce risks

·         Provide eye and eyesight tests on request, and special spectacles if needed

·         Make sure controls are in place

·         Provide information and training

·         Review the assessment when the user or DSE changes

What problems are associated with display screen equipment?

 Some workers may experience fatigue, eye strain, upper limb complications and backache from overdoing or improper use of DSE (Display Screen Equipment). These problems can also be experienced from poorly designed workstations or work environments. The causes may not always be obvious and can be due to a combination of factors.

What advice do they give to make working with display screen equipment more comfortable?

·         Make sure individual characters on the screen are sharp, in focus and don’t flicker or       move. If they do, the DSE may need servicing or adjustment.

·         Adjust the brightness and contrast controls on the screen to suit lighting conditions in the room.

·         When setting up software, choose text that is large enough to read easily on screen when sitting in a normal comfortable working position.

·         Select colours that are easy on the eye (avoid red text on a blue background, or vice versa).

·         Make sure the screen surface is clean.

Put knowledge into practice:

Complete a risk assessment for the following activities that have taken place:

Working in the dark room

On location shooting

Editing images on the computer

Production Title: Photography          Assessor: Nicola Moule

Date: 05/11/2014                              Location: Liverpool Street / Tower of London / Stratford

Risk	Who is at risk?	Level of Risk	Control measure to be implemented
She could fall of the stage because of a liquid on the floor	Artist	High	Make sure the floor is completely dry with no objects to disrupt the performance on the artist
She could trip over the wirers from the camera and lighting	Artist	Medium	Tape down any wires that could cause a disruption to the performance
When we go outside we have to be careful when crossing roads if we have to	Artist and Crew	Low	Look left and right before crossing the road
Theft	Crew	Medium	Someone could steal out equipment; we will have to keep it all secure when filming in an open area. We could get hurt for being in a struggle to get the equipment back
Could trip over undone laces	Crew	Medium	Make sure all shoe laces are tied up tight before filming
Food	Crew	Medium	When providing lunch they should not be walking around when eating they could choke. To prevent this the crew should get aside half an hour to have some lunch in the middle of a filming day
Tripping over equipment	Crew	Medium	The actors and crew could possibly trip over the leg of the tri pod. To prevent this I will put a neon tape on the floor so the actors know where to not pass

Booking Form for Digital Video Equipment

Name: Nicola Moule

Year Group: 13

Type of Production: Photography Unit

Equipment needed (please change text colour to RED):

• Video camera
• Nikon DSLR                                                                                    
• Green Screen
• White screen
• Lighting Equipment
• Tripod                                                                       

When will you collect?: Monday

Terms:

1.    Camera equipment can be borrowed for up to one week.

2.    Lighting can be borrowed for 24 hours only

3.    Ensure that footage is uploaded before return as all footage will be removed

4.    Office hours are Monday 3-3:30 and Thursday 3-3:30